This report analyzes the fundamental shifts in European extradition practice driven by geopolitical rupture and the erosion of mutual trust between jurisdictions. It examines how European courts have moved from a formal treaty-based approach to an in-depth individualized risk assessment when reviewing extradition requests from Russia and CIS countries. The key legal criteria for refusing extradition are explored in detail: the risk of Article 3 ECHR violations, in absentia proceedings, the insufficiency of diplomatic assurances, the political or corporate context of the case, and the lack of an effective remedy. Special attention is given to the role of INTERPOL Red Notices in extradition proceedings and to the need for a multi-layered defense strategy that addresses extradition, international wanted notices, immigration, and banking compliance as a single risk framework.
Citation Rules
- Mandatory source attribution. When using ARGA Observatory materials, the full name must be cited.
- Date and version indication. For analytical reports, the year of publication is mandatory.
- Link to the original. Electronic materials must be accompanied by an active link to the official website.
- Context preservation. Citations must not be shortened or altered in a way that distorts the original meaning.
- Note on adaptation. If the text is abridged or translated, state: "adapted from ARGA Observatory report".
- No commercial use without written permission from the organization.
- Data accuracy preservation. Charts and tables must be reproduced without changes.