This report analyzes the transformation of classic nationalization mechanisms within the digital economy and under sanction pressure. The research reveals how states adapt legal tools to seize crypto-assets, using sanction regimes, criminal, and administrative procedures as mechanisms for the quasi-nationalization of property. The author details the role of private infrastructures—such as exchanges and stablecoin issuers—as de facto executors of state decisions regarding the freezing and redistribution of funds. Special emphasis is placed on the vulnerability of “extra-jurisdictional” property in the face of geopolitical conflicts and the necessity of considering humanitarian consequences when applying mass financial restrictions that undermine legal certainty and the protection of private investors.
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